In accordance with Article 10 of the Chinese Constitution and the national Household Responsibility System, private land ownership is prohibited throughout China. Consequently, farmland in the rural and suburban areas of Shanghai, Chongqing, and Chengdu is owned by rural collectives, while land in urban districts is owned by the state. Under this system, farmers do not own the land themselves but are granted long-term contractual management rights by their respective collectives, allowing them to use, manage, and sometimes lease the land for agricultural production. While the provided text does not explicitly mention the specific location of Liliang, the same national laws regarding collective ownership apply to all rural and suburban farmland across the country. Although various government-led initiatives, cooperatives, and agribusiness corporations may manage or invest in large-scale agricultural projects in these regions, the legal title to the land remains with the collectives or the state.