In Chinese, the city of Chengdu is written as 成都. The first character, 成 (chéng), means to become, to complete, or to succeed, while the second character, 都 (dū), means a metropolis or capital city. Together, the name is most commonly interpreted as "to become a capital." Historically, this name is rooted in the 4th century BC when the ninth king of the Kaiming dynasty moved his capital to the site; according to the Record of the World in the Ninth Year of the Taiping Era, the name was inspired by the saying that it takes one year to become a town and three years to become a capital (Chengdu). In addition to its formal name, the city is also affectionately referred to in Chinese by the nicknames 蓉城 (Róngchéng, meaning Hibiscus City) and 锦官城 (Jǐnguānchéng, meaning Brocade Official's City). When transliterated into Roman characters using the Hanyu Pinyin system, it is written as Chéngdū.